/bin - This directory contains most of your non-privileged system commands such as ls, mkdir, rm, etc.
/boot - Contains the systems boot image, bootloader, and the kernel
/dev - Symbolic links to system devices such as optical and removable drives
/etc - Contains all system configuration files and most configurations for installed packages
/home - Contains a directory for each user and contains profile information
/lib - Contains dynamic libraries and modules for the Linux system and installed packages
/media - Contains mount points for optical drives and removable media
/mnt - Used as a location for mounted drives and shares
/opt - Contains user installed packages and custom software not handled by the system or package manager
/proc - An interface between the kernel and the system, useful for diagnostics and system information
/root - The root superuser's home directory
/sbin - Contains privileged commands that are usually run as superuser (root/sudo)
/sys - An interface between the kernel and the system, used for modifying system settings
/tmp - A location for temporary files such as sessions on a web server
/usr - Contains most installed packages that are not part of the system, user installed programs
/usr/bin - Contains commands related to user installed packages in /usr
/usr/sbin - Contains privileged commands related to user installed packages in /usr
/var - Contains files that change often or accessed frequently
/var/log - Contains all system logs and most logs generated by installed packages
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